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The five yamas (constraints) of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali are similar to Jainism's five major vows, indicating cross-fertilization between these traditions. [207] [note 16] Hinduism's influence on Jain yoga may be seen in Haribhadra's Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya, which outlines an eightfold yoga influenced by Patanjali's eightfold yoga. [209]
The systematic presentation of Hindu monotheism as divided into these four paths or "Yogas" is modern, advocated by Swami Vivekananda from the 1890s in his book Raja Yoga. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] They are presented as four paths to God suitable for four human temperaments, viz. the active, the emotional, the philosophical and the mystic.
In section 6.1, Yoga Vasistha introduces Yoga as follows, [100] Yoga is the utter transcendence of the mind and is of two types. Self-knowledge is one type, another is the restraint of the life-force of self limitations and psychological conditioning. Yoga has come to mean only the latter, yet both the methods lead to the same result.
Yoga, or mārga (meaning "way" or "path"), in Hinduism is widely classified into four spiritual approaches. [81] The first mārga is Jñāna Yoga, the way of knowledge. The second mārga is Bhakti Yoga, the way of loving devotion to God. The third mārga is Karma Yoga, the way of works.
Statue of Patañjali, its traditional snake form indicating kundalini or an incarnation of Shesha. The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali (IAST: Patañjali yoga-sūtras) is a compilation "from a variety of sources" [1] of Sanskrit sutras on the practice of yoga – 195 sutras (according to Vyāsa and Krishnamacharya) and 196 sutras (according to others, including BKS Iyengar).
A yogi is a practitioner of Yoga, [1] including a sannyasin or practitioner of meditation in Indian religions. [2] The feminine form, sometimes used in English, is yogini.. Yogi has since the 12th century CE also denoted members of the Nath siddha tradition of Hinduism, [3] and in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism, a practitioner of tantra.
[332] [333] [334] The Yoga school of Hinduism accepted the concept of a "personal god" and left it to the Hindu to define his or her god. [335] Advaita Vedanta taught a monistic, abstract Self and Oneness in everything, with no room for gods or deity, a perspective that Mohanty calls, "spiritual, not religious". [336]
The Story of Yoga: From Ancient India to the Modern West [S 1] is a cultural history of yoga by Alistair Shearer, published by Hurst in 2020. It narrates how an ancient spiritual practice in India became a global method of exercise, often with no spiritual content, by way of diverse movements including Indian nationalism, the Theosophical Society, Swami Vivekananda's coming to the west, self ...