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In the Cross of Christ not only is the Redemption accomplished through suffering, but also human suffering itself has been redeemed,. Christ, - without any fault of his own - took on himself "the total evil of sin". The experience of this evil determined the incomparable extent of Christ's suffering, which became the price of the Redemption. [8]
One extreme example of redemptive suffering, which existed in the 13th and 14th centuries in Europe, was the Flagellant movement. As a partial response to the Black Death , these radicals, who were later condemned as heretics in the Catholic Church , engaged in body mortification, usually by whipping themselves, to repent for their sins , which ...
The upper cover (not illustrated here, see note for image) is very lavishly studded with large gems, and uses low repoussé relief. [7] The composition also centres on a cross, but here a whole Crucifixion scene with a figure of Jesus on the cross and much smaller ones of the Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist.
[2] By Christ satisfying our debt of honor to God, we avoid punishment. In Calvinist penal substitution, it is the punishment which satisfies the demands of justice. [citation needed] Another distinction must be made between penal substitution (Christ punished instead of us) and substitutionary atonement (Christ suffers for us).
A number of theologians see "example" (or "exemplar") theories of the atonement as variations of the moral influence theory. [8] Wayne Grudem , however, argues that "Whereas the moral influence theory says that Christ's death teaches us how much God loves us, the example theory says that Christ's death teaches us how we should live". [ 9 ]
In Agony in the Garden, Jesus prays in the garden after the Last Supper while the disciples sleep and Judas leads the mob, by Andrea Mantegna c. 1460.. In Roman Catholic tradition, the Agony in the Garden is the first Sorrowful Mystery of the Rosary [8] and the First Station of the Scriptural Way of the Cross (second station in the Philippine version).
The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ is a book published in 1833, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, a German Roman Catholic mystic and stigmatic. The visions she experienced on the Passion of Jesus were recorded and compiled by Clemens Brentano , a German romantic poet and writer, [ 1 ] who compiled them for the book.
The Flagellation of Christ, in art sometimes known as Christ at the Column or the Scourging at the Pillar, is an episode from the Passion of Jesus as presented in the Gospels. As such, it is frequently shown in Christian art , in cycles of the Passion or the larger subject of the Life of Christ .