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  2. Discrete mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_mathematics

    Graphs such as these are among the objects studied by discrete mathematics, for their interesting mathematical properties, their usefulness as models of real-world problems, and their importance in developing computer algorithms.

  3. Discrete logarithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_logarithm

    In mathematics, for given real numbers a and b, the logarithm log b a is a number x such that b x = a.Analogously, in any group G, powers b k can be defined for all integers k, and the discrete logarithm log b a is an integer k such that b k = a.

  4. Inclusion–exclusion principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion–exclusion...

    Venn diagram showing the union of sets A and B as everything not in white. In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as

  5. Discrete uniform distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_uniform_distribution

    The problem of estimating the maximum of a discrete uniform distribution on the integer interval [,] from a sample of k observations is commonly known as the German tank problem, following the practical application of this maximum estimation problem, during World War II, by Allied forces seeking to estimate German tank production.

  6. Disjunctive normal form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunctive_normal_form

    A logical formula is considered to be in DNF if it is a disjunction of one or more conjunctions of one or more literals. [2] [3] [4] A DNF formula is in full disjunctive normal form if each of its variables appears exactly once in every conjunction and each conjunction appears at most once (up to the order of variables).

  7. Mathematical logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_logic

    Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics.Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory (also known as computability theory).

  8. Shakira - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakira

    Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll [a] (/ ʃ ə ˈ k ɪər ə / shə-KEER-ə, Spanish: [ʃaˈkiɾa isaˈβel meβaˈɾak riˈpol]; born 2 February 1977) [1] is a Colombian singer-songwriter. . Referred to as the "Queen of Latin Music", she has had a significant impact on the musical landscape of Latin America and has been credited with popularizing Hispanophone music on a global level.