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Belimumab, sold under the brand name Benlysta, is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits B-cell activating factor (BAFF), [6] also known as B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS). [7] It is approved in the United States [ 8 ] and Canada, [ 9 ] and the European Union [ 5 ] to treat systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family and is the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs, cattle, sheep and goats. It is a non-enveloped, positive strand, RNA virus. FMDV is a highly contagious virus. It enters the body through inhalation. [2]
Foot-and-mouth disease protection zone by Ashford, Surrey in 2007. A farmer who left the land at the site of the initial outbreaks reported on 9 August some of his cows to Defra as a precautionary measure. A 3 km (2 mile) temporary control zone was established, [23] [24] and then removed, [25] on 11 August when negative test results were returned.
Starting in 1881, dried spinal cord material from infected rabbits was given to dogs to inoculate them against rabies. [10] The infected nerve tissue was dried to weaken the virus. [ 11 ] Subsequently, in 1885, the vaccine was given to a 9-year-old boy infected with the rabies disease, Joseph Meister , who survived when no one had before. [ 10 ]
Pneumonia in these dogs is not caused by the influenza virus, but by secondary bacterial infections. The fatality rate of dogs that develop pneumonia secondary to canine influenza can reach 50% if not given proper treatment. [21] Necropsies in dogs that die from the disease have revealed severe hemorrhagic pneumonia and evidence of vasculitis. [22]
Enteral/enteric administration usually includes oral [6] (through the mouth) and rectal (into the rectum) [6] administration, in the sense that these are taken up by the intestines. However, uptake of drugs administered orally may also occur already in the stomach , and as such gastrointestinal (along the gastrointestinal tract ) may be a more ...
The signs may improve rapidly or take a few days. Less commonly, vestibular signs can also be caused by inner ear disease, a brain tumor, a stroke, or other causes. The major risk with idiopathic peripheral vestibular disease is that the dog is often unable to eat, drink, or go outside to urinate or defecate.
From or to a drug trade name: This is a redirect from (or to) the trade name of a drug to (or from) the international nonproprietary name (INN).
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