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Paul Kennedy posits that continued deficit spending, especially on military build-up, is the single most important reason for decline of any great power. The costs of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were as of 2017 estimated to run as high as $4.4 trillion, which Kennedy deems a major victory for Osama bin Laden, whose announced goal was to humiliate America by showcasing its casualty ...
Societal collapse (also known as civilizational collapse or systems collapse) is the fall of a complex human society characterized by the loss of cultural identity and of social complexity as an adaptive system, the downfall of government, and the rise of violence. [1]
Naturally, not all empires manifest the same dysfunction to the same degree. Nor do they all follow the same exact trajectory. Imperial Rome nicely illustrates some of these tendencies.
For example, while there are American military bases around the world, the American soldiers do not rule over the local people, and the United States government does not send out governors or permanent settlers like all the historic empires did. [220] Harvard historian Charles S. Maier has examined the America-as-Empire issue at length. He says ...
Some scholars of decolonization focus especially on independence movements in the colonies and the collapse of global colonial empires. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] As a movement to establish independence for colonized territories from their respective metropoles , decolonization began in 1775 in North America .
The British Empire was not destroyed after the Third Anglo-Afghan War, [16] and the collapse of the British Empire was more commonly attributed to World War II. [6] While the Soviet–Afghan War was a major factor in the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the opposition in Afghanistan was only possible with foreign aid, primarily from the United ...
State collapse is a sudden dissolution of a sovereign state. [1] It is often used to describe extreme situations in which state institutions dissolve rapidly. [2] [1]When a new regime moves in, often led by the military, civil society typically fails to rally around the central government, and societal actors fend for themselves at the local level. [1]
Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (titled Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive for the British edition) is a 2005 book by academic and popular science author Jared Diamond, in which the author first defines collapse: "a drastic decrease in human population size and/or political/economic/social complexity, over a considerable area, for an extended time."