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  2. Community (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_(ecology)

    A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.

  3. Functional group (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_group_(ecology)

    Redundant species can easily do the job of a similar species from the same functional niche. [13] This is possible because similar species have adapted to fill the same niche overtime. Functional redundancy varies across ecosystems and can vary from year to year depending on multiple factors including habitat availability, overall species ...

  4. Competition (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(biology)

    In the study of community ecology, competition within and between members of a species is an important biological interaction. Competition is one of many interacting biotic and abiotic factors that affect community structure, species diversity, and population dynamics (shifts in a population over time). [3]

  5. Biocoenosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocoenosis

    An ecosystem, originally defined by Tansley (1935), is a biotic community (or biocenosis) along with its physical environment (or biotope). In ecological studies, biocenosis is the emphasis on relationships between species in an area. These relationships are an additional consideration to the interaction of each species with the physical ...

  6. Population - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population

    Population is the term typically used to refer to the number of people in a single area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the size of a resident population within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and plants, and has specific uses within such fields as ecology and genetics.

  7. Group living - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_living

    This allows the individuals within a group to more effectively identify predators, allowing these individuals to flee or adopt postures to alert the predators that their presence is known. An example can be seen in a study conducted by Siegfried and Underhill (1975) [ 16 ] on laughing doves , in which large groups react to a mock-predator much ...

  8. Eusociality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusociality

    He observed multiple species of bees in order to investigate the different levels of animal sociality, many of which are different stages that a colony may pass through. Eusociality, which is the highest level of animal sociality a species can attain, specifically had three characteristics that distinguished it from the other levels: [1]

  9. Metacommunity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacommunity

    An ecological metacommunity is a set of interacting communities which are linked by the dispersal of multiple, potentially interacting species. [1] [2] [3] The term is derived from the field of community ecology, which is primarily concerned with patterns of species distribution, abundance and interactions. Metacommunity ecology combines the ...