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The history of African Americans in the U.S. Civil War is marked by 186,097 (7,122 officers, 178,975 enlisted) [26] African-American men, comprising 163 units, who served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and many more African Americans served in the Union Navy. Both free African Americans and runaway slaves joined the fight.
Losses among African Americans were high: In the last year and a half and from all reported casualties, approximately 20% of all African Americans enrolled in the military lost their lives during the Civil War. [1]: 16 Notably, their mortality rate was significantly higher than that of white soldiers:
In some airborne units African Americans composed 45-60% of troops. [5] Racism against African Americans was particularly pronounced in the Navy. Only 5% of sailors were Black in 1971, with less than 1% of Navy officers African American. [9] From 1966 to 1967, the reenlistment rate for African Americans was 50%, twice what it was for white ...
African Americans have served the U.S. military in every war the United States has fought. [1] Formalized discrimination against black people who have served in the U.S. military lasted from its creation during the American Revolutionary War to the end of segregation by President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9981 in 1948. [1]
An African-American military policeman on a motorcycle in front of the "colored" MP entrance, Columbus, Georgia, in 1942.. A series of policies were formerly issued by the U.S. military which entailed the separation of white and non-white American soldiers, prohibitions on the recruitment of people of color and restrictions of ethnic minorities to supporting roles.
African Americans in the Revolutionary War. New York: Kensington Publishing, 2000 ISBN 0806527161. Lanning, Michael Lee. "African Americans and the American Revolution." in The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military (Routledge, 2016) pp. 45–54. MacLeod, Duncan J. Slavery, Race and the American Revolution (1974)
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War (20 P) P. African-American military personnel (8 C, 27 P) Pages in category "African-American history ...
A History of the Negro Troops in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1865 by George Washington Williams (published 1888) was a major book-length academic history of military history of African Americans in the American Civil War. [1] Carter G. Woodson called it "one of the most valuable accounts of the Civil War." [2]