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The authors favoured relationships shown by more slowly evolving genes, which demonstrated the monophyly of Chelicerata, Euchelicerata and Arachnida, as well as of some clades within the arachnids. The diagram below summarizes their conclusions, based largely on the 200 most slowly evolving genes; dashed lines represent uncertain placements.
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The group's origins lie within an arachnid sub-group defined by the presence of book lungs (the tetrapulmonates); [1] [2] the arachnids as a whole evolved from aquatic chelicerate ancestors. More than 45,000 extant species have been described, organised taxonomically in 3,958 genera and 114 families. [3] There may be more than 120,000 species. [3]
Opiliones (commonly known as harvestmen) are an order of arachnids and share many common characteristics with other arachnids. However, several differences separate harvestmen from other arachnid orders such as spiders. The bodies of opiliones are divided into two tagmata (arthropod body regions): the abdomen (opisthosoma) and the cephalothorax
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Acarology – study of the taxon of arachnids that contains mites and ticks. Arachnology – scientific study of spiders and related animals such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, collectively called arachnids. Entomology – study of insects. Coleopterology – study of beetles.
Opiliones' own divergence is dated to 414 million years ago, which arachnid are estimated to have originated during the late Cambrian to early Ordivician. [ 10 ] Genetic analysis performed on a modern Phalangium opilio specimen found that a suppressed gene that, if active, would generate a second pair of eyes at the lateral location, providing ...
Douglassarachne is an extinct genus of arachnid from the Late Carboniferous , known from single species D. acanthopoda. It is known exclusively from one specimen recovered from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois, US. This arachnid is characterized by having large spines on its legs.