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At critical points in American history the public health movement focused on different priorities. When epidemics or pandemics took place the movement focused on minimizing the disaster, as well as sponsoring long-term statistical and scientific research into finding ways to cure or prevent such dangerous diseases as smallpox, malaria, cholera.
Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered ...
2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreak in spinach; 2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks; 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak; 2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States; 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak; 2012 outbreak of Salmonella; 2012–2013 flu season; 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak; 2015 Bronx Legionnaires ...
Holmberg, Scott D. "The Rise of Tuberculosis in America before 1820," American Review of Respiratory Diseases 142 (1990): 1228 – 32; Jones, Gordon W., "The First Epidemic in English America", The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 71, No.1, Part one (January 1963) Kukla, Jon.
2006 North American E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks; 2006 North American E. coli outbreak in spinach; 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak; 2009 swine flu pandemic in the United States; 2011 United States listeriosis outbreak; 2012 outbreak of Salmonella; 2012–2013 flu season; 2014 enterovirus D68 outbreak; 2015 United States E. coli outbreak
According to research by the CDC, chronic disease is also especially a concern in the elderly population in America. Chronic diseases like stroke, heart disease, and cancer were among the leading causes of death among Americans aged 65 or older in 2002, accounting for 61% of all deaths among this subset of the population. [15]
1970 – The Communicable Disease Center became the Center for Disease Control. 1971 – The National Center for Health Statistics conducted the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, taking a snapshot of the health status of Americans. 1972 – Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male was brought to public attention.
Epidemics of the 19th century were faced without the medical advances that made 20th-century epidemics much rarer and less lethal. Micro-organisms (viruses and bacteria) had been discovered in the 18th century, but it was not until the late 19th century that the experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation conclusively, allowing germ theory and Robert ...