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Some 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds are able to react with single-stranded guanine (G) at N1 and N2, forming a five-membered ring adduct at the Watson-Crick face. 1,1-Dihydroxy-3-ethoxy-2-butanone, also known as kethoxal, has a structure related to 1,2-dicarbonyls, and was the first in this category used extensively for the chemical probing of RNA ...
Physisorption, also called physical adsorption, is a process in which the electronic structure of the atom or molecule is barely perturbed upon adsorption. [1] [2] [3]
Contamination by phenol can significantly contribute to overestimation of DNA concentration. Absorption at 230 nm can be caused by contamination by phenolate ion, thiocyanates, and other organic compounds. For a pure RNA sample, the A 230:260:280 should be around 1:2:1, and for a pure DNA sample, the A 230:260:280 should be around 1:1.8:1. [9]
In DNA double helix, the two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. The nucleotides on one strand base pairs with the nucleotide on the other strand. The secondary structure is responsible for the shape that the nucleic acid assumes. The bases in the DNA are classified as purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine and guanine ...
The highest DNA adsorption efficiencies occur in the presence of buffer solution with a pH at or below the pKa of the surface silanol groups. The mechanism behind DNA adsorption onto silica is not fully understood; one possible explanation involves reduction of the silica surface's negative charge due to the high ionic strength of the buffer.
The DNA can then be rehydrated with aqueous low-salt solutions allowing for elution of the DNA from the beads. This method yields high-quality, largely double-stranded DNA which can be used for both PCR and RFLP analysis. This procedure can be automated [9] and has a high throughput, although lower than the phenol-chloroform method. This is a ...
The process of DNA denaturation can be used to analyze some aspects of DNA. Because cytosine / guanine base-pairing is generally stronger than adenine / thymine base-pairing, the amount of cytosine and guanine in a genome is called its GC-content and can be estimated by measuring the temperature at which the genomic DNA melts. [2]
DNA is a macromolecule made up of nucleotide units, which are linked by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, in a repeating structure. DNA synthesis occurs when these nucleotide units are joined to form DNA; this can occur artificially (in vitro) or naturally (in vivo). Nucleotide units are made up of a nitrogenous base (cytosine, guanine ...