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The health care system represents a social determinant of health as well as it influences other determining factors. People's access to health care, their experiences there, and the benefits they gain are closely related to other social determinants of health like income, gender, education, ethnicity, occupation, and more. [1]
Structural competency is a term used in American health professional education to describe the ability of health care providers and trainees to appreciate how symptoms, clinical problems, diseases and attitudes toward patients, populations and health systems are influenced by 'upstream' social determinants of health.
They are the health promoting factors found in one's living and working conditions (such as the distribution of income, wealth, influence, and power), rather than individual risk factors (such as behavioral risk factors or genetics) that influence the risk or vulnerability for a disease or injury. The distribution of social determinants is ...
The Institute of Medicine in the United States says fragmentation of the U.S. health care delivery and financing system is a barrier to accessing care. Racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be enrolled in health insurance plans which place limits on covered services and offer a limited number of health care providers. [8]: 10
In 1995, Jo C. Phelan and Bruce G. Link developed the theory of fundamental causes.This theory seeks to outline why the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health disparities has persisted over time, [1] particularly when diseases and conditions previously thought to cause morbidity and mortality among low SES individuals have resolved. [2]
The healthcare system in the United States perpetuates inequality by “rationing health care according to a person’s ability to pay, by providing inadequate and inferior health care to poor people and persons of color, and by failing to establish structures that can meet the health needs of Americans”.
The Donabedian model is a conceptual model that provides a framework for examining health services and evaluating quality of health care. [1] According to the model, information about quality of care can be drawn from three categories: "structure", "process", and "outcomes". [2]
Affordable Health Care for America (H.R. 3962) America's Affordable Health Choices (H.R. 3200) Baucus Health Bill (S. 1796) Proposed. American Health Care Act (2017) Medicare for All Act (2021, H.R. 1976) Healthy Americans Act (2007, 2009) Health Security Act (H.R. 3600) Latest enacted. Affordable Care Act (H.R. 3590) Health Care and Education ...