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The cause of tetralogy of Fallot is typically not known. [5] Risk factors include a mother who uses alcohol , has diabetes , is over the age of 40, or gets rubella during pregnancy . [ 5 ] : 62 It may also be associated with Down syndrome and other chromosomal defects that cause congenital heart defects.
The most common cause of right-to-left shunt is the Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by four co-existing heart defects. Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve and outflow tract, obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery)
Cyanotic heart defects are called such because they result in cyanosis, a bluish-grey discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygen in the body. Such defects include persistent truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, and tricuspid atresia. [47]
Tetralogy of Fallot is actually the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart defects, accounting for about 50-70%, as well as about 10% of all congenital heart defects in general. Now, it’s not quite clear why some babies develop TOF but it is associated with chromosome 22 deletions and DiGeorge syndrome.
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia
The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (BTT shunt), [1] previously known as the Blalock–Taussig Shunt (BT shunt), [2] is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease [3] such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. [3]
English: What is Tetralogy of Fallot? Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart condition characterized by four heart abnormalities—stenosis in the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, and aortic override of septal defect. Together, these can cause cyanosis in the newborn.