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The Śulba Sūtras has been described as "the earliest extant verbal expression of the Pythagorean Theorem in the world, although it had already been known to the Old Babylonians." [8] They make use of Pythagorean triples, [9] [10] which are particular cases of Diophantine equations. [11]
It is now widely accepted as a result of Jens Høyrup's extensive analysis of the vocabulary of Old Babylonian mathematics, that underlying the procedures in texts such as IM 67118 was a set of standard cut-and-paste geometric operations, not a symbolic algebra. [8] [9] Possible geometric basis for a solution of IM 67118.
The sum of the measures of the angles of any triangle is less than 180° if the geometry is hyperbolic, and equal to 180° if the geometry is Euclidean. The defect of a triangle is the numerical value (180° – sum of the measures of the angles of the triangle). This result may also be stated as: the defect of triangles in hyperbolic geometry ...
A triangle in which one of the angles is a right angle is a right triangle, a triangle in which all of its angles are less than that angle is an acute triangle, and a triangle in which one of it angles is greater than that angle is an obtuse triangle. [8] These definitions date back at least to Euclid. [9]
The apparent triangles formed from the figures are 13 units wide and 5 units tall, so it appears that the area should be S = 13×5 / 2 = 32.5 units. However, the blue triangle has a ratio of 5:2 (=2.5), while the red triangle has the ratio 8:3 (≈2.667), so the apparent combined hypotenuse in each figure is actually bent.
Set square shaped as 45° - 45° - 90° triangle The side lengths of a 45° - 45° - 90° triangle 45° - 45° - 90° right triangle of hypotenuse length 1.. In plane geometry, dividing a square along its diagonal results in two isosceles right triangles, each with one right angle (90°, π / 2 radians) and two other congruent angles each measuring half of a right angle (45°, or ...
The nine-point center is the circumcenter of the medial triangle of the given triangle, the circumcenter of the orthic triangle of the given triangle, and the circumcenter of the Euler triangle. [3] More generally it is the circumcenter of any triangle defined from three of the nine points defining the nine-point circle.
60° rhombus (2 triangles) (Blue) that can be matched with two of the green triangles; 30° Narrow rhombus (Beige) with the same side-length as the green triangle; Trapezoid (half hexagon or 3 triangles) (Red) that can be matched with three of the green triangles; Regular Hexagon (6 triangles) (Yellow) that can be matched with six of the green ...