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The mining activities in these coalfields started in 1894 and had really intensified in 1925. The first Indians to arrive and break monopoly of British in Coal mining were Gujarati railway contractors from Kutch [5] some of whom decided to plunge into the coal mining business and were thus the pioneers in starting coal mining in Jharia coalfields belt around 1890–95. [6]
Jharia coal mines are India's most important storehouse [18] of prime coke coal used in blast furnaces, it consists of 23 large underground and nine large open cast mines. [ 17 ] The mining activities in these coalfields started in 1894 and had really intensified in 1925.
The Jharia coalfield is the only repository of coking coal in the country. Coking coal is being mined for over a century in the Eastern Jharia Area with such mines as Bhowrah, Sudamdih and Patherdih. Geo-mining conditions in the underground mines vary from moderate to extreme. In some cases, it is so extreme that these are amongst the most ...
In 1917, L.S.S.O’Malley described the coalfields in the upper reaches of the Damodar as follows: "Near the western boundary of Jharia field is that of Bokaro, covering 220 square miles (570 km 2), with an estimated content of 1,500 million tons; close by… is the Ramgarh field (40 square miles), in which, however, coal is believed to be of inferior quality.
Khora Ramji Chawda (1860–1924), better known as Seth Khora Ramji, was a reputed railway contractor, coal mines owner, banker and philanthropist of the early 20th century in India, who worked from Jharia near Dhanbad.
Jharia coalfield first came into the picture in the 19th century. Mining in the early days was carried out through manual and semi-manual methods, causing large scale degradation of land, forests and environment, and resulting in mine fires and subsidence. Most of the mines in the Area have a history from the pre-nationalised era.
The Lodna Area has mineable reserves of 46.368 million tonnes of coking coal and 618.6 million tonnes of non-coking coal. [23] Western Jharia Area is a predominantly underground mining area, presently with four underground mines. [24] Underground mining in the Eastern Jharia Area has been going on for about a century.
Western Jharia Area is a predominantly underground mining zone having some small patches of open cast mines with a short-term perspective. The main units are: Moonidih Project, Murlidih 20/21 pits colliery, Bhatdih colliery and Lohapatty colliery.