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In many programming languages, map is a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection, e.g. a list or set, returning the results in a collection of the same type.
List comprehension is a syntactic construct available in some programming languages for creating a list based on existing lists. It follows the form of the mathematical set-builder notation (set comprehension) as distinct from the use of map and filter functions.
A map implemented by a hash table is called a hash map. Most hash table designs employ an imperfect hash function . Hash collisions , where the hash function generates the same index for more than one key, therefore typically must be accommodated in some way.
Although std::map is typically implemented using a self-balancing binary search tree, C++11 defines a second map called std::unordered_map, which has the algorithmic characteristics of a hash table. This is a common vendor extension to the Standard Template Library (STL) as well, usually called hash_map , available from such implementations as ...
Because they are in order, tree-based maps can also satisfy range queries (find all values between two bounds) whereas a hashmap can only find exact values. However, hash tables have a much better average-case time complexity than self-balancing binary search trees of O(1), and their worst-case performance is highly unlikely when a good hash ...
This is a list of well-known data structures. For a wider list of terms, see list of terms relating to algorithms and data structures. For a comparison of running times for a subset of this list see comparison of data structures.
There are two types of divisions in Python: floor division (or integer division) // and floating-point/division. [102] Python uses the ** operator for exponentiation. Python uses the + operator for string concatenation. Python uses the * operator for duplicating a string a specified number of times.
Random number generators are important in many kinds of technical applications, including physics, engineering or mathematical computer studies (e.g., Monte Carlo simulations), cryptography and gambling (on game servers). This list includes many common types, regardless of quality or applicability to a given use case.