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Diamond is the hardest known material to date, with a Vickers hardness in the range of 70–150 GPa. Diamond demonstrates both high thermal conductivity and electrically insulating properties, and much attention has been put into finding practical applications of this material. However, diamond has several limitations for mass industrial ...
Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon: pure forms of the same element that differ in structure. If heated over 700 °C (1,292 °F) in air, diamond, being a form of carbon, oxidizes and its surface blackens, but the surface can be restored by re-polishing. [47]
Diamond (Mohs 10) is 1500 (off scale). Diamond was the hardest known naturally occurring mineral when the scale was designed, and defines the top of the scale, arbitrarily set at 10. The hardness of a material is measured against the scale by finding the hardest material that the given material can scratch, or the softest material that can ...
Main diamond producing countries. Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic.Diamond as a form of carbon is tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water.
The system of carbon allotropes spans an astounding range of extremes, considering that they are all merely structural formations of the same element. Between diamond and graphite: Diamond crystallizes in the cubic system but graphite crystallizes in the hexagonal system. Diamond is clear and transparent, but graphite is black and opaque.
In diamond, all the carbon-to-carbon bonds, both within a layer of rings and between them, are in the staggered conformation, thus causing all four cubic-diagonal directions to be equivalent; whereas in lonsdaleite the bonds between layers are in the eclipsed conformation, which defines the axis of hexagonal symmetry.
Its Vickers hardness (38 GPa), elastic modulus (460 GPa) [12] and fracture toughness (3.5 MPa·m 1/2) approach the corresponding values for diamond (1150 GPa and 5.3 MPa·m 1/2). [ 13 ] As of 2015 [update] , boron carbide is the third hardest substance known, after diamond and cubic boron nitride , earning it the nickname "black diamond".