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Clomipramine, sold under the brand name Anafranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). [5] It is used in the treatment of various conditions, most notably obsessive–compulsive disorder but also many other disorders, including hyperacusis, panic disorder, major depressive disorder, trichotillomania, [6] body dysmorphic disorder [7] [8] [9] and chronic pain. [5]
Anafranil (clomipramine) – a tricyclic antidepressant; mostly used to treat OCD Antabuse ( disulfiram ) – inhibits the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase , causing acetaldehyde poisoning when ethanol is consumed; used to cause severe hangover when drinking; increases liver, kidney, and brain damage from drinking
Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses had not comprehensively assessed TCAs in the same fashion, with the largest including only two TCAs (amitriptyline and clomipramine) and only 36 trials. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] A total of 103 short-term clinical trials with 10,590 participants employing 12 different TCAs (and TeCAs) were included. [ 11 ]
Findings from clinical trials in humans have shown these antidepressants can help to reduce pain and functional impairment in central and neuropathic pain conditions. This property of SNRIs might be used to reduce doses of other pain relieving medication and lower the frequency of safety, limited efficacy and tolerability issues. [ 45 ]
In humans, the serotonergic system is implicated in various physiological processes such as sleep-wake cycles, maintenance of mood, control of food intake and regulation of blood pressure. In accordance with this, drugs that affect 5-HT-containing cells or 5-HT receptors are effective treatments for numerous indications, including depression ...
[181] [182] High occupancy of the σ 1 receptor by clinical dosages of fluvoxamine has been observed in the human brain in positron emission tomography (PET) research. [ 181 ] [ 182 ] It is thought that agonism of the σ 1 receptor by fluvoxamine may have beneficial effects on cognition .
In clinical practice, venlafaxine and clomipramine are the most common antidepressants used to treat cataplexy. If the patient wishes to have a sedative effect, then clomipramine is prescribed. The effect of these drugs is to suppress the REM component and to increase the brainstem monoaminergic levels. [4]
The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]