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Aldehyde structure. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ ˈ æ l d ɪ h aɪ d /) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. [1] The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group.
Tollens' test for aldehyde: left side positive (silver mirror), right side negative Ball-and-stick model of the diamminesilver(I) complex. Tollens' reagent (chemical formula ()) is a chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones along with some alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerize into aldehydes.
There is an oxygen atom bonded to one of the middle three carbons (if it were bonded to an end carbon, the molecule would be an aldehyde, not a ketone), but it is not clear where it is located. In this example, the carbon atoms are numbered from one to five, which starts at one end and proceeds sequentially along the chain.
If other functional groups are present, the chain is numbered such that the aldehyde carbon is in the "1" position, unless functional groups of higher precedence are present. If a prefix form is required, "oxo-" is used (as for ketones), with the position number indicating the end of a chain: CHOCH 2 COOH is 3-oxopropanoic acid.
Fehling's solution can be used to distinguish aldehyde vs ketone functional groups. The compound to be tested is added to the Fehling's solution and the mixture is heated. Aldehydes are oxidized, giving a positive result, but ketones do not react, unless they are α-hydroxy ketones.
Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH 3 CH=O, sometimes abbreviated as MeCH=O.It is a colorless liquid or gas, boiling near room temperature.
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Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde. It is a colorless liquid with a foul and acrid aroma. It is a colorless liquid with a foul and acrid aroma. The smell of burnt fat (as when cooking oil is heated to its smoke point ) is caused by glycerol in the burning fat breaking down into acrolein.