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A working mechanism of a resonant tunneling diode device and negative differential resistance in output characteristic. There is a negative resistance characteristic after the first current peak, due to a reduction of the first energy level below the source Fermi level with gate bias.
The resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) has achieved some of the highest frequencies of any solid-state oscillator. [ 10 ] Another type of tunnel diode is a metal-insulator-insulator-metal (MIIM) diode, where an additional insulator layer allows " step tunneling " for more precise control of the diode. [ 11 ]
Many RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire wrapped around a heat-resistant ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also used. The RTD wire is a pure material, typically platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), or copper (Cu). The material has an accurate resistance/temperature relationship which is used to provide an indication of temperature.
Real-time data; Residence time distribution; Resonant-tunneling diode; Round-trip delay time, in telecommunications; Research and development, Research and Technical (or Technological) Development
The Callendar–Van Dusen equation is an equation that describes the relationship between resistance (R) and temperature (T) of platinum resistance thermometers (RTD). As commonly used for commercial applications of RTD thermometers, the relationship between resistance and temperature is given by the following equations.
A thermistor is a semiconductor type of resistor whose resistance is strongly dependent on temperature, more so than in standard resistors. The word thermistor is a portmanteau of thermal and resistor.
Resistance temperature detector (RTD) Pyrometer; Langmuir probes (for electron temperature of a plasma) Infrared thermometer; Other thermometers; One must be careful when measuring temperature to ensure that the measuring instrument (thermometer, thermocouple, etc.) is really the same temperature as the material that is being measured.
The RTD is determined experimentally by injecting an inert chemical, molecule, or atom, called a tracer, into the reactor at some time t = 0 and then measuring the tracer concentration, C, in the effluent stream as a function of time. [4] The RTD curve of fluid leaving a vessel is called the E-Curve.