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2. Area of a triangle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_a_triangle

   The area of a triangle can be demonstrated, for example by means of the congruence of triangles, as half of the area of a parallelogram that has the same base length and height. A graphic derivation of the formula T = h 2 b {\displaystyle T={\frac {h}{2}}b} that avoids the usual procedure of doubling the area of the triangle and then halving it.

3. Surface area - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_area

   A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...

4. Triangle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle

   The area formula for a triangle can be proven by cutting two copies of the triangle into pieces and rearranging them into a rectangle. In the Euclidean plane, area is defined by comparison with a square of side length ⁠ ⁠, which has area 1. There are several ways to calculate the area of an arbitrary triangle.

5. Shoelace formula - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoelace_formula

   Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]

6. Integral - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral

   The first documented systematic technique capable of determining integrals is the method of exhaustion of the ancient Greek astronomer Eudoxus and philosopher Democritus (ca. 370 BC), which sought to find areas and volumes by breaking them up into an infinite number of divisions for which the area or volume was known. [1]

7. Heron's formula - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron's_formula

   Heron's formula is a special case of Brahmagupta's formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral. Heron's formula and Brahmagupta's formula are both special cases of Bretschneider's formula for the area of a quadrilateral. Heron's formula can be obtained from Brahmagupta's formula or Bretschneider's formula by setting one of the sides of the ...