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This is a list of the power supply systems that are, or have been, used for railway electrification. Note that the voltages are nominal and vary depending on load and distance from the substation. As of 2023 many trams and trains use on-board solid-state electronics to convert these supplies to run three-phase AC traction motors.
Various railway electrification systems in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries utilised three-phase, rather than single-phase electric power delivery due to ease of design of both power supply and locomotives. These systems could either use standard network frequency and three power cables, or reduced frequency, which allowed for return ...
A traction substation, traction current converter plant, rectifier station or traction power substation (TPSS) is an electrical substation that converts electric power from the form provided by the electrical power industry for public utility service to an appropriate voltage, current type and frequency to supply railways, trams (streetcars) or ...
All power comes from general electricity suppliers. Although in this region there is, in principle, no requirement for traction power lines, there is a 132 kV-single AC power grid for railway power supply in Central Sweden (see Electric power supply system of railways in Sweden). In Norway, there is a small 55 kV single phase AC network for ...
A China Railway KD 25K generator car at Beijing railway station. A head-end power car (also called a generator car) is a rail car that supplies head-end power ("HEP"). Since most modern locomotives supply HEP, they are now mostly used by heritage railways that use older locomotives, or by railroad museums that take their equipment on excursions ...
Railway electrification as a means of traction emerged at the end of the nineteenth century, although experiments in electric rail have been traced back to the mid-nineteenth century. [1] Thomas Davenport , in Brandon, Vermont , erected a circular model railroad on which ran battery-powered locomotives (or locomotives running on battery-powered ...
Occasionally 25 kV is doubled to 50 kV to obtain greater power and increase the distance between substations. Such lines are usually isolated from other lines to avoid complications from interrunning. Examples are: The Sishen–Saldanha iron ore railway (50 Hz). The Deseret Power Railway which is an isolated coal railway (60 Hz). [8]
With the use of 3,000 or 3,600 volts at 16 + 2 ⁄ 3 (16.7) Hz, the supply could be fed directly to the motor without an onboard transformer. Generally, the motor(s) fed a single axle, with other wheels linked by connecting rods, as the induction motor is sensitive to speed variations and with non-linked motors on several axles the motors on ...