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The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [18] [19] [20] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [18]
Zanzibar [a] is an insular semi-autonomous region which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 km (16–31 mi) off the coast of the African mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba Island.
The term "Arzal," meaning "degraded," encompasses subdivisions like the Bhanar, Halalkhor, Hijra, Kasbi, Lalbegi, Maugta, and Mehtar, reflecting the persistence of caste-based stratification in parts of the Muslim community.
Africa's economy—with expanding trade, English language skills (official in many Sub-Saharan countries), improving literacy and education, availability of splendid resources and cheaper labour force—is expected to continue to perform better into the future. Trade between Africa and China stood at US$166 billion in 2011. [67]
The characters 日本 mean "sun origin", [11] which is the source of the popular Western epithet "Land of the Rising Sun". [13] The name "Japan" is based on Min or Wu Chinese pronunciations of 日本 and was introduced to European languages through early trade. [14]
The Government of India (ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India [1] and colloquially known as the Central Government) is the government of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of 36 states and union territories.