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By the late 1860s a number of schools were preparing women for careers as governesses or teachers. The census reported in 1851 that 70,000 women in England and Wales were teachers, compared to the 170,000 who comprised three-fourths of all teachers in 1901. [6] [7] The great majority came from lower middle class origins. [8]
London [c] is the capital and largest city [d] of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of 8,866,180 in 2022. [2] Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Western Europe, with a population of 14.9 million. [7]
The role of women in society was, for the historical era, relatively unconstrained; Spanish and Italian visitors to England commented regularly, and sometimes caustically, on the freedom that women enjoyed in England, in contrast to their home cultures. England had more well-educated upper-class women than was common anywhere in Europe. [12] [13]
The history of London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, extends over 2000 years. In that time, it has become one of the world's most significant financial and cultural capital cities. It has withstood plague, devastating fire, civil war, aerial bombardment, terrorist attacks, and riots.
There is a large inequality of income between genders (£1,085.90 in men compared to £653.50 in women), and this can be explained by job type and length of employment respectively. [75] The 2001 Census showed the city as a unique district amongst 376 districts surveyed in England and Wales. [74]
10 April: Prudence Lee becomes the last woman in England burned alive at the stake for mariticide, at Smithfield [103] (subsequent recipients of the sentence being in practice strangled before burning). A coffee house is in business near Cornhill, opened by Pasqua Rosée. [17] 1654 – St Matthias Old Church in Poplar is completed. 1656
England, as part of the UK, joined the European Economic Community in 1973, which became the European Union in 1993. The UK left the EU in 2020. There is a movement in England to create a devolved English Parliament. This would give England a local Parliament like those already functioning for Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales.
Munich remains the capital of the German state of Bavaria. Braunschweig (Brunswick) Brunswick, Duchy of: Germany: 1815 1918 Brunswick became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Braunschweig remained the capital of the German Free State of Brunswick until 1946 when it became part of the German state of Lower ...