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  2. Abyssal zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_zone

    The abyssal zone or abyssopelagic zone is a layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. The word abyss comes from the Greek word ἄβυσσος ( ábussos ), meaning "bottomless". [ 1 ] At depths of 4,000–6,000 m (13,000–20,000 ft), [ 2 ] this zone remains in perpetual darkness.

  3. Pelagic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone

    Altogether, the pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km 3 (320 million mi 3) with a mean depth of 3.68 km (2.29 mi) and maximum depth of 11 km (6.8 mi). [2] [3] [4] Pelagic life decreases as depth increases. The pelagic zone contrasts with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the ...

  4. Water column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_column

    The abyssopelagic zone is the portion of the ocean deeper than about 4,000 m (13,000 feet) and shallower than about 6,000 m (20,000 feet). The zone is defined mainly by its extremely uniform environmental conditions, as reflected in the distinct life forms inhabiting it. [ 8 ]

  5. Pelagic fish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_fish

    If the water is exceptionally deep, the pelagic zone below 4,000 metres (2.5 miles) sometimes is called the lower midnight or abyssopelagic zone. Conditions are somewhat uniform throughout these zones, the darkness is complete, the pressure is crushing, and temperatures, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen levels are all low. [2]

  6. Physical oceanography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_oceanography

    Abyssal Zone: Beneath the thermocline is the deep ocean or abyssal zone, where temperatures remain relatively uniform, hovering just above freezing (0°-3°C). This cold, dense water originates from polar regions, where surface water cools, sinks, and spreads towards the equator along the ocean floor, forming the deep ocean circulation system.

  7. Abyssopelagic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Abyssopelagic_zone&...

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abyssopelagic_zone&oldid=58401499"This page was last edited on 13 June 2006, at 15:06 (UTC). (UTC).

  8. Oceanic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_zone

    The oceanic zone is typically defined as the area of the ocean lying beyond the continental shelf (e.g. the neritic zone), but operationally is often referred to as beginning where the water depths drop to below 200 metres (660 ft), seaward from the coast into the open ocean with its pelagic zone.

  9. Porcupine Abyssal Plain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcupine_Abyssal_Plain

    The Porcupine Abyssal Plain is a vast, relatively level stretch of seabed with a depth range of 4,000 to 4,850 m (13,120 to 15,910 ft). It has a muddy floor in the abyssopelagic zone and scattered rocky abyssal hills that rise into the bathypelagic zone forming seamounts and knolls. [2]