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After World War I, very few cities adopted the commission form and many cities using the commission plan switched to the council-manager form. Galveston itself changed forms in 1960. [2] Of the 30 most populous cities in the United States, Portland, Oregon is the only city with a commission government. [4]
In parts of the United States, alternative terms such as county board of supervisors or county council may be used in lieu of, but generally synonymous to, a county commission. However, in some jurisdictions there may be distinct differences between a county commission and other similarly titled bodies.
The council–manager form became the preferred alternative for progressive reform. After World War I, few cities adopted the commission form and many cities using the commission plan switched to the council–manager form. [14] By 2001 there were 3,302 cities with a population over 2,500 and 371 counties using the council–manager system.
In the past the municipal commission was also common. Across the US, local governments employ more than ten million people. [31] The ICMA has classified local governments into five common forms: mayor–council, council–manager, commission, town meeting, and representative town meeting. [32]
A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. [1] A council may function as a legislature , especially at a town , city or county / shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or national level are not considered councils.
The mayor may also have veto rights over council votes, with the council able to override such a veto. Conversely, in a weak-mayor system, the mayor has no formal authority outside the council, serving a largely ceremonial role as council chairperson and is elected by the citizens of the city. The mayor cannot directly appoint or remove ...
The new 15-member commission will be appointed by the council and advise the city on the challenges facing immigrants, refugees and their families. All members of the new commission will be ...
The important difference is that a county is an administrative division of a state, whereas a city is a municipal corporation; thus, counties implement and, as necessary, refine the local application of state law and public policy, while cities produce and implement their own local laws and public policy (subject to the overriding authority of ...