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The hardness of synthetic diamond (70–150 GPa) is very dependent on the relative purity of the crystal itself. The more perfect the crystal structure, the harder the diamond becomes. It has been reported that HPHT single crystals and nanocrystalline diamond aggregates (aggregated diamond nanorods) can be harder than natural diamond. [25]
Such elements are predicted in the real world as an "Island of stability". In the novel by Jack Vance, duodecimates were deposited on a planet, Dar Sai, by the explosion of a nearby star. The planet's economy comes to depend on mining and sale of duodecimate ores. It is not revealed what the substance is actually used for. Duranium: Star Trek
Naturally occurring tungsten consists of four stable isotopes (182 W, 183 W, 184 W, and 186 W) and one very long-lived radioisotope, 180 W. Theoretically, all five can decay into isotopes of element 72 by alpha emission, but only 180 W has been observed to do so, with a half-life of (1.8 ± 0.2) × 10 18 years; [36] [37] on average, this yields ...
Diamond is extremely strong owing to its crystal structure, known as diamond cubic, in which each carbon atom has four neighbors covalently bonded to it. Bulk cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is nearly as hard as diamond. Diamond reacts with some materials, such as steel, and c-BN wears less when cutting or abrading such material. [4]
The unit of hardness given by the test is known as the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) or Diamond Pyramid Hardness (DPH). The hardness number can be converted into units of pascals, but should not be confused with pressure, which uses the same units. The hardness number is determined by the load over the surface area of the indentation and not the ...
Engineers from the University of Manchester say their concrete is twice as strong as conventional concrete. The secret ingredient? Potato starch.
Copper would have been especially useful to ancient humans as it was much stronger than gold, hard enough to be made into useful items such as fishhooks and woodworking tools, but still soft enough to be easily shaped, unlike meteoric iron. The same deposits of native copper on the Keweenaw Peninsula and Isle Royale were later mined commercially.
The SAE designation for all tungsten steels consist of four numbers beginning with the number 7, in the format 7XXX. Tungsten steel also has a greater density than regular stainless steel, tungsten steel, also known as cemented carbide has a density of 14.8 g/cm^3. whereas regular stainless steel maintains a density of 7.9 g/cm^3