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Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life. It is the most extreme form of malnutrition. In humans, prolonged starvation can cause permanent organ damage [1] and eventually, death. The term inanition [2] refers to the symptoms and effects of starvation.
A glass of water on an empty plate. Fasting is the act of refraining from eating, and sometimes drinking.However, from a purely physiological context, "fasting" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (before "breakfast"), or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal. [1]
Such a physiologic response is common in adults during periods of fasting, and is particularly common in ill younger children who cannot tolerate long periods of fasting. [4] Episodes of physiologic ketotic hypoglycemia in children decrease with increasing age, presumably because fasting tolerance improves with increasing body mass.
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.
All of the congenital metabolic defects, congenital forms of hyperinsulinism, and congenital hypopituitarism are likely to have already been diagnosed or are unlikely to start causing new hypoglycemia at this age. Body mass is large enough to make starvation hypoglycemia and idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia quite uncommon.
Stunted growth, also known as stunting or linear growth failure, is defined as impaired growth and development manifested by low height-for-age. [1] It is a manifestation of malnutrition (undernutrition) and can be caused by endogenous factors (such as chronic food insecurity) or exogenous factors (such as parasitic infection).
Other causes of hypoglycemia in diabetics include the following: Fasting, whether it be a planned fast or overnight fast, as there is a long period of time without glucose intake [1] [3] Exercising more than usual as it leads to more use of glucose, especially by the muscles [1] [3]
Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.It can occur in anyone with severe malnutrition but usually occurs in children. Body weight is reduced to less than 62% of the normal (expected) body weight for the age. [1]