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Conjugated estriol, an extract of the urine of pregnant women and sold under the brand names Progynon and Emmenin in the 1930s, was the predecessor of Premarin. [74] Both of these products contained conjugated estrogens similarly to Premarin, but the estrogens were human estrogens as opposed to equine estrogens and the composition differed.
However, BHT is unnatural as it opposes the biologically determined declining levels of fertility hormones in aging women and medicalizes a stage of human life that is probably normal. [47] Most of the conjugated equine estrogens extracted from pregnant horse urine (such as Premarin) are converted to human estrogens once they enter the body.
“The term ‘synthetic’ is a misnomer,” she says. “All estrogen products, with the exception of Premarin (made from the urine of pregnant mares), are synthetic, which simply means made in ...
In addition to pills made with conjugated horse estrogens, a drug known as Premarin (an abbreviation of "pregnant mare urine"), which has been used for decades, the use of estradiol (the brand ...
The term specifically refers to formulations of estriol conjugates which were manufactured from the estrogen-rich urine of pregnant women and were used as medications in the 1920s and 1930s. Conjugated estriol is analogous to and was superseded by conjugated estrogens (brand name Premarin), which is manufactured from the urine of pregnant mares.
[84] [85] [86] The preceding side effects of synthetic estrogens do not appear to occur in pregnant women, who already have very high estrogen levels. [84] This suggests that these effects are due to estrogenic activity. [84] Synthetic estrogens have markedly stronger effects on the liver and hepatic protein synthesis than natural estrogens.
Estriol is produced in quantities that are notable only during pregnancy. [3] Levels of estriol increase 1,000-fold during pregnancy, [8] whereas levels of estradiol and estrone increase 100-fold, [12] and estriol accounts for 90% of the estrogens in the urine of pregnant women. [5]
It was first identified from the urine of pregnant women. [ 8 ] Estratetraenyl acetate , or estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3-yl acetate, is a more potent synthetic derivative of estratetraenol.