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The human vocal cords are roughly 12 – 24 mm in length, and 3–5 mm thick. [9] Histologically, the human vocal cords are a laminated structure composed of five different layers. The vocalis muscle, main body of the vocal cords, is covered by the mucosa, which consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria. [10]
The intermediate and deep layers of lipopolysaccharides compose the vocal ligaments which are enclosed within the vocal folds and are responsible for strain in phonation. Within the extracellular matrix community of vocal ligament, fibrous proteins such as elastin and collagen are pivotal in maintaining the proper elastic biomechanical property ...
Grunting while lifting heavy objects is the result of some air escaping through the adducted vocal cords ready for phonation. [14] Abduction of the vocal cords is important during physical exertion. The vocal cords are separated by about 8 mm (0.31 in) during normal respiration, but this width is doubled during forced respiration. [14]
They have a three layer construction of an epithelium, vocal ligament, then muscle (vocalis muscle), which can shorten and bulge the folds. They are flat triangular bands and are pearly white in color. Above both sides of the vocal cord is the vestibular fold or false vocal cord, which has a small sac between its two folds.
The recurrent laryngeal nerves supply sensation to the larynx below the vocal cords, give cardiac branches to the deep cardiac plexus, and branch to the trachea, esophagus and the inferior constrictor muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, the only muscles that can open the vocal folds, are innervated by this nerve.
The vestibular fold (ventricular fold, superior or false vocal cord) is one of two thick folds of mucous membrane, each enclosing a narrow band of fibrous tissue, the vestibular ligament, which is attached in front to the angle of the thyroid cartilage immediately below the attachment of the epiglottis, and behind to the antero-lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, a short distance above ...
The rima glottidis is the narrowest part of larynx. It is longer (~23 mm) in males than in females (17–18 mm). [1]The rima glottidis is an aperture between the two true vocal cords anteriorly, and the bases and vocal process of the two arytenoid cartilages posteriorly.
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are the only muscles to open the vocal cords. [1] [6] By abducting the vocal folds, the muscle opens the rima glottidis. [7]: 9 This is important in breathing and speech. [6] The muscles participate in the production of unvoiced vocal sounds. [1]
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