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  2. Nucleate boiling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleate_boiling

    The critical heat flux is the peak on the curve between nucleate boiling and transition boiling. The heat transfer from surface to liquid is greater than that in film boiling. Nucleate boiling is common in electric kettles and is responsible for the noise that occurs before boiling occurs. It also occurs in water boilers where water is rapidly ...

  3. Nucleation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleation

    Bubbles of carbon dioxide nucleate shortly after the pressure is released from a container of carbonated liquid. Nucleation in boiling can occur in the bulk liquid if the pressure is reduced so that the liquid becomes superheated with respect to the pressure-dependent boiling point. More often, nucleation occurs on the heating surface, at ...

  4. Boiling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling

    Rolling boil of water in an electric kettle. Boiling or ebullition is the rapid phase transition from liquid to gas or vapour; the reverse of boiling is condensation.Boiling occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point, so that the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding atmosphere.

  5. Critical heat flux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_heat_flux

    The critical heat flux is an important point on the boiling curve and it may be desirable to operate a boiling process near this point. However, one could become cautious of dissipating heat in excess of this amount. Zuber, [6] through a hydrodynamic stability analysis of the problem has developed an expression to approximate this point.

  6. Heat transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer

    Nucleate boiling of water. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid [22] [23] and the liquid evaporates resulting in an abrupt change in vapor volume. In a closed system, saturation temperature and boiling point mean the same thing. The saturation ...

  7. Classical nucleation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_nucleation_theory

    Classical nucleation theory (CNT) is the most common theoretical model used to quantitatively study the kinetics of nucleation. [1] [2] [3] [4]Nucleation is the first step in the spontaneous formation of a new thermodynamic phase or a new structure, starting from a state of metastability.

  8. Shape of the atomic nucleus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_atomic_nucleus

    The quark itself does not have measurable size at the experimental limit set by the electron (≈ 10 −18 m in diameter). [9] The size, or root mean squared (RMS) charge radius , of the proton (the smallest nuclide) has a 2018 CODATA recommended value of 0.8414 (19) fm (10 −15 m), although values may vary by a few percent according to the ...

  9. Vapor pressure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor_pressure

    The atmospheric pressure boiling point of a liquid (also known as the normal boiling point) is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the ambient atmospheric pressure. With any incremental increase in that temperature, the vapor pressure becomes sufficient to overcome atmospheric pressure and cause the liquid to form vapor bubbles.