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Average density Average temperature Average surface gravity; Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Star: 1.4 g/cm 3. Sun [7] [8] 5778 K. Sun [9] [10] 274 m/s 2. Sun [11] Major planet: 0.7 g/cm 3 Saturn [12] [13] 5.51 g/cm 3 Earth [14] [15] 73 K Neptune [16] [17] [18] 733 K Venus [19] 3.70 m/s 2 Mercury [18] 23.1 m/s 2 Jupiter [18] Dwarf ...
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant, with an average radius of about nine times that of Earth. [27] [28] It has an eighth the average density of Earth, but is over 95 times more massive.
The lower average density and temperature of these objects give them lower index values. Only Titan (a moon of Saturn) is known to hold on to a significant atmosphere despite an overall lower size and density. While Io (a moon of Jupiter) has a low average temperature, surface temperature on the moon varies wildly due to geologic activity. [10]
The smallest known extrasolar planet that is likely a "gas planet" is Kepler-138d, which has the same mass as Earth but is 60% larger and therefore has a density that indicates a thick gas envelope. [16] A low-mass gas planet can still have a radius resembling that of a gas giant if it has the right temperature. [17]
The Moon's density is substantially less than that of Earth, due to its lack of a large iron core. [3] On Earth , physical and chemical differentiation processes led to a crustal density of approximately 2700 kg/m 3 compared to the 3400 kg/m 3 density of the compositionally different mantle just below, and the average density of the planet as a ...
These figures should be compared with the temperature and density of Earth's atmosphere plotted at NRLMSISE-00, which shows the air density dropping from 1200 g/m 3 at sea level to 0.125 g/m 3 at 70 km, a factor of 9600, indicating an average scale height of 70 / ln(9600) = 7.64 km, consistent with the indicated average air temperature over ...
Titan, shrouded in a smog-like orange haze, is the only known world other than Earth exhibiting l. NASA's Cassini spacecraft, which explored Saturn and its icy moons, including the majestic Titan ...
[13] [14] Similarly, Earth has an effective temperature of 255 K (−18 °C; −1 °F), [14] but a surface temperature of about 288 K (15 °C; 59 °F) [15] due to the greenhouse effect in our lower atmosphere. [5] [4] The surface temperatures of such planets are more accurately estimated by modeling thermal radiation transport through the ...