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Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS).
In the Cisco IOS, [1] they are used in several places, for example: To indicate the size of a network or subnet for some routing protocols, such as OSPF. To indicate what IP addresses should be permitted or denied in access control lists (ACLs). A wildcard mask can be thought of as an inverted subnet mask.
Link-state routing protocols are one of the two main classes of routing protocols used in packet switching networks for computer communications, the others being distance-vector routing protocols. [1] Examples of link-state routing protocols include Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS). [2]
Administrative distance (AD) or route preference [1] is a number of arbitrary unit assigned to dynamic routes, static routes and directly-connected routes. The value is used in routers to rank routes from most preferred (low AD value) to least preferred (high AD value).
The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) [1] is an IP routing protocol optimized for mobile ad hoc networks, which can also be used on other wireless ad hoc networks. OLSR is a proactive link-state routing protocol , which uses hello and topology control (TC) messages to discover and then disseminate link state information throughout ...
metric: The routing metric of the path through which the packet is to be sent. The route will go in the direction of the gateway with the lowest metric. next hop: The next hop, or gateway, is the address of the next station to which the packet is to be sent on the way to its final destination
Certain additional characteristics such as multilayer interfacing may also be employed as a means of distributing uncompromised networking gateways to authorized ports. [1] This has the added benefit of preventing issues with routing protocol loops. [2] Many routing protocols are defined in technical standards documents called RFCs. [3] [4] [5] [6]