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To ease the creation of traceability matrices, it is advisable to add the relationships to the source documents for both backward and forward traceability. [5] That way, when an item is changed in one baselined document, it is easy to see what needs to be changed in the other.
FEC can be applied in situations where re-transmissions are costly or impossible, such as one-way communication links or when transmitting to multiple receivers in multicast. Long-latency connections also benefit; in the case of satellites orbiting distant planets, retransmission due to errors would create a delay of several hours.
Within a product's supply chain, traceability may be both a regulatory and an ethical or environmental issue. [3] Traceability is increasingly becoming a core criterion for sustainability efforts related to supply chains wherein knowing the producer, workers and other links stands as a necessary factor that underlies credible claims of social, economic, or environmental impacts. [4]
For example, in a star radio network, only the central hub transmits on the forward link, so channel access method is a consideration only on the return link. The "forward/return" terminology is also used for spacecraft communication links for command and telemetry. Because the return link carries telemetry, often including imagery, it is often ...
The receiver uses maximum-ratio combining to combine the received bits with the same bits from previous transmissions. Because all transmissions are identical, Chase combining can be seen as additional repetition coding. One could think of every re-transmission as adding extra energy to the received transmission through an increased Eb/N0.
Requirements traceability is a sub-discipline of requirements management within software development and systems engineering.Traceability as a general term is defined by the IEEE Systems and Software Engineering Vocabulary [1] as (1) the degree to which a relationship can be established between two or more products of the development process, especially products having a predecessor-successor ...
ASI has one purpose only: the transmission of an MPEG Transport Stream , [7] [8] and MPEG-TS is the only standard protocol universally used for real-time transport of broadcast audio and video media today. Even when tunneled over IP, MPEG-TS is the lowest-common-denominator of all long-distance audio and video transport.
Furthermore, given some hash value, it is typically infeasible to find some input data (other than the one given) that will yield the same hash value. If an attacker can change not only the message but also the hash value, then a keyed hash or message authentication code (MAC) can be used for additional security. Without knowing the key, it is ...