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Grapes can be processed into a multitude of products such as jams, juices, vinegars and oils. Commercially cultivated grapes are classified as either table or wine grapes. These categories are based on their intended method of consumption: grapes that are eaten raw (table grapes), or grapes that are used to make wine (wine grapes).
This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, currant, sultana). For a complete list of all grape species, including those unimportant to agriculture, see Vitis .
The word raisin dates back to Middle English and is a loanword from Old French; in modern French, raisin means "grape", while a dried grape is a raisin sec, or "dry grape". The Old French word, in turn, developed from the Latin word racemus, which means "a bunch of grapes." [3]
Diagram of a grape berry, showing the pericarp and its layers Coffee cherries (Coffea arabica) – described as drupes or berries. In botanical language, a berry is a simple fruit having seeds and fleshy pulp (the pericarp) produced from the ovary of a single flower. The ovary can be inferior or superior.
Grapes can be eaten fresh or dried to produce raisins, sultanas, and currants. Grape leaves are used in the cuisine of many cultures. The fresh grapes can also be processed into juice that is fermented to make wine and vinegar. Cultivars of Vitis vinifera form the basis of the majority of wines produced around the world.
These fruits and their dispersed seeds found in the same sediments, about 66 million years old, represent the oldest known fossils of the grape family. The fossil fruits containing 4 to 6 seeds are very similar to extant Vitis .
Common varieties of seedless fruits include watermelons, tomatoes, [4] and grapes (such as Termarina rossa). [5] Additionally, there are numerous seedless citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons and limes. A recent development over the last twenty years [when?] has been that of seedless sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum). The seedless plant ...
Concord grapes are often used to make grape jelly and are only occasionally available as table grapes, [5] especially in New England.They are the usual grapes used in the jelly for the traditional peanut butter and jelly sandwich, and Concord grape jelly is a staple product in U.S. supermarkets.