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Evapotranspiration (ET) refers to the combined processes which move water from the Earth's surface (open water and ice surfaces, bare soil and vegetation) into the atmosphere. [ 2 ] : 2908 It covers both water evaporation (movement of water to the air directly from soil, canopies , and water bodies) and transpiration (evaporation that occurs ...
Evapotranspiration and biomass production are key indicators for water management and irrigation performance. [ 4 ] The combination of the energy balance with input from remote sensing data is applied by farmers, [ 5 ] irrigation districts, [ 6 ] catchment management agencies [ 7 ] and regional and national governments.
Other common crop water use, if using all irrigated water: fruits and nuts with 34% of water use and 45% of revenue, field crops with 14% of water and 4% of revenue, pasture forage with 11% of water use and 1% of revenue, rice with 8% of water use and 2% of revenue (despite its lack of water, California grows nearly 5 billion pounds (2.3 ...
Debate over Colorado River cutbacks centers on whether water lost to evaporation should be counted. Changing the formula would hit California hard.
Southern California's water district installs a quake-resistant pipe along the Colorado River Aqueduct to prevent a major spill. California's water from Colorado River could be crippled by a big ...
California's Department of Water Resources set its initial water allocation for the State Water Project at 5% — a level that could change in the coming months depending on the weather.
The coefficients 0.408 and 900 are not unitless but account for the conversion from energy values to equivalent water depths: radiation [mm day −1] = 0.408 radiation [MJ m −2 day −1]. This reference evapotranspiration ET 0 can then be used to evaluate the evapotranspiration rate ET from unstressed plants through crop coefficients K c: ET ...
For example, California River Indices [12] are weighted averages of the estimates of spring melt, runoff for the rest of the year, and the result for the previous year, calculated for few river basins separately to classify the water year as a wet, above normal, below normal, dry, and critical ("normal" years in California are extremely rare ...