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A table or chart of nuclides is a two-dimensional graph of isotopes of the elements, in which one axis represents the number of neutrons (symbol N) and the other represents the number of protons (atomic number, symbol Z) in the atomic nucleus. Each point plotted on the graph thus represents a nuclide of a known or hypothetical chemical element.
The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of 1.70 fm (1.70 × 10 −15 m [7]) for hydrogen (the diameter of a single proton) to about 11.7 fm for uranium. [8] These dimensions are much smaller than the diameter of the atom itself (nucleus + electron cloud), by a factor of about 26,634 (uranium atomic radius is about 156 pm ( 156 × 10 −12 m ...
The atomic nucleus is a bound system of protons and neutrons. The spatial extent and shape of the nucleus depend not only on the size and shape of discrete nucleons, but also on the distance between them (the inter-nucleon distance). (Other factors include spin, alignment, orbital motion, and the local nuclear environment (see EMC effect).)
Interactive Chart of Nuclides (Brookhaven National Laboratory) The Lund/LBNL Nuclear Data Search; An isotope table with clickable information on every isotope and its decay routes is available at chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu; An example of free Universal Nuclide Chart with decay information for over 3000 nuclides is available at Nucleonica.net.
Just as atomic units are given in terms of the atomic mass unit (approximately the proton mass), the physically appropriate unit of length here is the Bohr radius, which is the radius of a hydrogen atom. The Bohr radius is consequently known as the "atomic unit of length". It is often denoted by a 0 and is approximately 53 pm. Hence, the values ...
The liquid drop model is one of the first models of nuclear structure, proposed by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in 1935. [5] It describes the nucleus as a semiclassical fluid made up of neutrons and protons, with an internal repulsive electrostatic force proportional to the number of protons.
The radius varies with the location of an atom on the atomic chart, the type of chemical bond, the number of neighboring atoms (coordination number) and a quantum mechanical property known as spin. [70] On the periodic table of the elements, atom size tends to increase when moving down columns, but decrease when moving across rows (left to ...
570 fm – typical distance from the atomic nucleus of the two innermost electrons (electrons in the 1s shell) in the uranium atom, the heaviest naturally-occurring atom 1 picometer The picometre ( SI symbol: pm ) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10 −12 metres ( 1 / 1 000 000 000 000 m = 0. 000 000 000 001 m ).