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Apremilast, sold under the brand name Otezla among others, is a medication for the treatment of certain types of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. [4] The drug acts as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). [ 4 ]
Many patients will not develop these side effects, although there is still a significant possibility of risks associated with Antipsychotic usage. The percentage of patients affected by side effects like Tardive dyskinesia is significantly high and estimated to be a 20-50% prevalence. [1] [2]
PDE4 also regulates the D 1 /PKA/DARPP-32 signalling cascade in the frontal cortex, which may contribute to the antipsychotic and procognitive effects of PDE4 inhibitors. [16] Whereas PDE4C is expressed primarily in the periphery and hence may be partly responsible for the peripheral effects of PDE4 inhibitors (e.g. their anti-inflammatory ...
A study confirmed that side effects like pancreatitis and kidney damage are possible while taking GLP-1s like Ozempic. Here's what a doctor wants you to know.
Tadalafil Side Effects Long-Term. There are no known long-term side effects of tadalafil. In fact, studies have shown this medication is well tolerated over the long term (if you can handle the ...
Kate Middleton is opening up about the long-term side effects of her cancer treatment.. On Tuesday, Jan. 14, the Princess of Wales spoke with staff during a surprise visit to the Royal Marsden ...
[81] [82] Concerns regarding the long-term effects of benzodiazepines have been raised since 1980. [83] These concerns are still not fully answered. A review in 2006 of the literature on use of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics concluded that more research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of hypnotic drugs. [84]
While some studies suggest that use of anticholinergics increases the risk of tardive dyskinesia (a long-term side effect of antipsychotics), [11] [12] other studies have found no association between anticholinergic exposure and risk of developing tardive dyskinesia, [13] although symptoms may be worsened. [14]