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Inscriptional Pahlavi is the name given to a variant of the Pahlavi script as used to render the 3rd–6th-century Middle Persian language inscriptions of the Sasanian emperors and other notables. Genuine Middle Persian, as it appears in these inscriptions, was the Middle Iranian language of Persia proper, the region in the south-western corner ...
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐 , Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, [1] [2] is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire.
Parthian language or Arsacid Pahlavi, a now-extinct language spoken in Parthia, Iran; Inscriptional Pahlavi, the earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts; Middle Persian, written in the Pahlavi script (including Zoroastrian Middle Persian of the 9th-11th century) Pahlavi scripts, as adopted to render various Middle Iranian languages
Early royal Sasanian inscriptions were trilingual: Middle Persian (in Inscriptional Pahlavi), Parthian (in Inscriptional Parthian) and Greek. Since the rule of Narseh, Greek was omitted. Book Pahlavi script replaced Inscriptional Pahlavi in late Middle Persian inscriptions.
Inscriptional Pahlavi is the earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts, and is evident in clay fragments that have been dated to the reign of Mithridates I (r. 171–138 BC). Other early evidence includes the Pahlavi inscriptions of Parthian coins and the rock inscriptions of Sasanian emperors and other notables, such as Kartir the High Priest .
In contrast, Pahlavi is only an abjad. Pazend does not have ideograms. In contrast, ideograms are an identifying feature of the Pahlavi system, and are words borrowed from Semitic languages such as Aramaic that continue to be spelled as in Aramaic transliterated into the Pahlavi script, yet are pronounced as the corresponding word in Persian.
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The script of the psalter, like that of all other examples of Pahlavi literature, is also an Aramaic-derived script (see Pahlavi for details). However, unlike Book Pahlavi script, which is a later but more common form of the consonantary and has 12 or 13 graphemes , the script of the psalms has 5 symbols more.