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  2. Huygens–Fresnel principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens–Fresnel_principle

    [3]: 375 Very few rigorous solutions to diffraction problems are known however, and most problems in optics are adequately treated using the Huygens-Fresnel principle. [ 3 ] : 370 In 1939 Edward Copson , extended the Huygens' original principle to consider the polarization of light, which requires a vector potential, in contrast to the scalar ...

  3. Diffraction from slits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_from_slits

    Because diffraction is the result of addition of all waves (of given wavelength) along all unobstructed paths, the usual procedure is to consider the contribution of an infinitesimally small neighborhood around a certain path (this contribution is usually called a wavelet) and then integrate over all paths (= add all wavelets) from the source to the detector (or given point on a screen).

  4. Physical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_optics

    Physical optics is used to explain effects such as diffraction. In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid.

  5. Diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

    Knife-edge diffraction is an outgrowth of the "half-plane problem", originally solved by Arnold Sommerfeld using a plane wave spectrum formulation. A generalization of the half-plane problem is the "wedge problem", solvable as a boundary value problem in cylindrical coordinates.

  6. Fraunhofer diffraction equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_diffraction...

    Diffraction geometry, showing aperture (or diffracting object) plane and image plane, with coordinate system. If the aperture is in x ′ y ′ plane, with the origin in the aperture and is illuminated by a monochromatic wave, of wavelength λ, wavenumber k with complex amplitude A(x ′,y ′), and the diffracted wave is observed in the unprimed x,y-plane along the positive -axis, where l,m ...

  7. Fresnel diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_diffraction

    Fresnel diffraction of circular aperture, plotted with Lommel functions. This is the Fresnel diffraction integral; it means that, if the Fresnel approximation is valid, the propagating field is a spherical wave, originating at the aperture and moving along z. The integral modulates the amplitude and phase of the spherical wave.

  8. Dynamical theory of diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Dynamical_theory_of_diffraction

    The wave fields traditionally described are X-rays, neutrons or electrons and the regular lattice are atomic crystal structures or nanometer-scale multi-layers or self-arranged systems. In a wider sense, similar treatment is related to the interaction of light with optical band-gap materials or related wave problems in acoustics. The sections ...

  9. Kirchhoff's diffraction formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_diffraction...

    Kirchhoff's integral theorem, sometimes referred to as the Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral theorem, [3] uses Green's second identity to derive the solution of the homogeneous scalar wave equation at an arbitrary spatial position P in terms of the solution of the wave equation and its first order derivative at all points on an arbitrary closed surface as the boundary of some volume including P.

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