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Active metabolites are produced when a person's body metabolizes the drug into compounds that share a similar pharmacological profile to the parent compound and thus are relevant when calculating how long the pharmacological effects of a drug will last. Long-acting benzodiazepines with long-acting active metabolites, such as diazepam and ...
Common side effects include movement problems, sleepiness, dry mouth, low blood pressure upon standing, and increased weight. [6] Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia , neuroleptic malignant syndrome , severe lowering of the seizure threshold , and low white blood cell levels . [ 6 ]
Temazepam is rapidly absorbed, and significant hypnotic and anxiolytic effects begin in less than 30 minutes and can last for up to eight hours. [ 9 ] [ 7 ] Prescriptions for hypnotics such as temazepam have seen a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics such as alprazolam , clonazepam , and lorazepam have increased or remained stable ...
Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. [15] It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. [15]
Clozapine is an effective treatment for those who respond poorly to other drugs ("treatment-resistant" or "refractory" schizophrenia), [94] but it has the potentially serious side effect of agranulocytosis (lowered white blood cell count) in less than 4% of people.
Serious side effects may include mania, low white blood cell count, and increased suicide among children. [12] Withdrawal symptoms may occur with stopping. [ 16 ] It is not recommended together with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor , [ 12 ] although evidence supporting the danger of this combination has been challenged. [ 17 ]
It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a long half-life, which may stay in the bloodstream for days. [3] Flurazepam was patented in 1968 and came into medical use the same year. [4]
Another method is "defined daily dose" (DDD), which is the assumed average dose of an antipsychotic that an adult would receive during long-term treatment. [15] DDD is primarily used for comparing the utilization of antipsychotics (e.g. in an insurance claim database), rather than comparing therapeutic effects between antipsychotics. [ 15 ]