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Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. [1] Exploration and production are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry.
Petroleum production engineering is a subset of petroleum engineering. Petroleum production engineers design and select subsurface equipment to produce oil and gas well fluids . [ 1 ] They often are degreed as petroleum engineers , although they may come from other technical disciplines (e.g., mechanical engineering , chemical engineering ...
Reservoir engineering is a branch of petroleum engineering that applies scientific principles to the fluid flow through a porous medium during the development and production of oil and gas reservoirs so as to obtain a high economic recovery. The working tools of the reservoir engineer are subsurface geology, applied mathematics, and the basic ...
In the oil and gas industry, reservoir modeling involves the construction of a computer model of a petroleum reservoir, for the purposes of improving estimation of reserves and making decisions regarding the development of the field, predicting future production, placing additional wells and evaluating alternative reservoir management scenarios.
The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) is a 501(c)(3) [1] [2] not-for-profit professional organization. [3] [4]SPE provides a worldwide forum for oil and natural gas exploration and production (E&P) professionals to exchange technical knowledge and best practices.
Some petroleum industry operations have been responsible for water pollution through by-products of refining and oil spills. Though hydraulic fracturing has significantly increased natural gas extraction, there is some belief and evidence to support that consumable water has seen increased in methane contamination due to this gas extraction. [39]
The gas-lift mandrel is a device installed in the tubing string of a gas-lift well onto which or into which a gas-lift valve is fitted. There are two common types of mandrels. In a conventional gas-lift mandrel, a gas-lift valve is installed as the tubing is placed in the well. Thus, to replace or repair the valve, the tubing string must be pulled.
Drilling engineering is a subset of petroleum engineering. [1] Drilling engineers design and implement procedures to drill wells as safely and economically as possible. [1] They work closely with the drilling contractor, service contractors, and compliance personnel, as well as with geologists and other technical specialists.