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The concepts of fluid intelligence (g f) and crystallized intelligence (g c) were introduced in 1943 by the psychologist Raymond Cattell. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] According to Cattell's psychometrically -based theory, general intelligence ( g ) is subdivided into g f and g c .
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory is an integration of two previously established theoretical models of intelligence: the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf-Gc) (Cattell, 1941; Horn 1965), and Carroll's three-stratum theory (1993), a hierarchical, three-stratum model of intelligence. Due to substantial similarities between the ...
He distinguished between the abstract, adaptive, biologically-influenced cognitive abilities that he called "fluid intelligence" and the applied, experience-based and learning-enhanced ability that he called "crystallized intelligence." Thus, for example, a mechanic who has worked on airplane engines for 30 years might have a huge amount of ...
These cognitive abilities can be organized into frameworks like fluid vs. crystallized and the Unified Cattell-Horn-Carroll model, [4] which contains abilities like fluid reasoning, perceptual speed, verbal abilities, and others. Intelligence is different from learning. Learning refers to the act of retaining facts and information or abilities ...
Cattell proposed that general intelligence (g) comprises both fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc). [3] [4] Whereas Gf is biologically and constitutionally based, Gc is the actual level of a person's cognitive functioning, based on the augmentation of Gf through sociocultural and experiential learning (including formal ...
For example, many children in the ... Fluid and crystallized intelligence; Heritability of IQ; Creativity and intelligence; ... "Everyday life as an intelligence test
An example spangram with corresponding theme words: PEAR, FRUIT, BANANA, APPLE, etc. Need a hint? Find non-theme words to get hints. For every 3 non-theme words you find, you earn a hint.
Sternberg's definition of human intelligence is "(a) mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world environments relevant to one's life". [3] Thus, Sternberg viewed intelligence as how well an individual deals with environmental changes throughout their lifespan.