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An open reading frame (ORF) is a reading frame that has the potential to be transcribed into RNA and translated into protein. It requires a continuous sequence of DNA which may include a start codon, through a subsequent region which has a length that is a multiple of 3 nucleotides, to a stop codon in the same reading frame. [4]
The double helix of a DNA molecule has two anti-parallel strands; with the two strands having three reading frames each, there are six possible frame translations. [15] Example of a six-frame translation. The nucleotide sequence is shown in the middle with forward translations above and reverse translations below. Two possible open reading ...
C3orf14-Chromosome 3 open reading frame 14: predicted DNA binding protein. CFAP20DC: encoding protein Chromosome 3 open reading frame 67; C3orf62: chromosome 3 open reading frame 62; CACNA2D3: calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 3; CCR5: chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5; CGGBP1: CGG triplet repeat binding protein 1
Out-of-phase overlaps occurs when the shared sequences use different reading frames. This can occur in "phase 1" or "phase 2", depending on whether the reading frames are offset by 1 or 2 nucleotides. Because a codon is three nucleotides long, an offset of three nucleotides is an in-phase, phase 0 frame.
The first codon establishes the reading frame, whereby a new codon begins. A protein's amino acid backbone sequence is defined by contiguous triplets. [6] Codons are key to translation of genetic information for the synthesis of proteins. The reading frame is set when translating the mRNA begins and is maintained as it reads one triplet to the ...
SINEs are believed to have co-opted the proteins coded by LINEs which are contained in 2 reading frames. Open reading frame 1 (ORF 1) encodes a protein which binds to RNA and acts as a chaperone to facilitate and maintain the LINE protein-RNA complex structure. [18] Open reading frame 2 (ORF 2) codes a protein which possesses both endonuclease ...
Whereas prokaryotic CDS predictors mostly deal with open reading frames (ORFs), which are segments of DNA between the start and stop codons, eukaryotic CDS predictors are faced with a more difficult problem because of the complex organization of eukaryotic genes. [3] CDS prediction methods can be classified into three broad categories: [2] [31]
Sequencing technologies vary in the length of reads produced. Reads of length 20-40 base pairs (bp) are referred to as ultra-short. [2] Typical sequencers produce read lengths in the range of 100-500 bp. [3] However, Pacific Biosciences platforms produce read lengths of approximately 1500 bp. [4] Read length is a factor which can affect the results of biological studies. [5]
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