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Perl Data Language (abbreviated PDL) is a set of free software array programming extensions to the Perl programming language. PDL extends the data structures built into Perl, to include large multidimensional arrays , and adds functionality to manipulate those arrays as vector objects.
In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an array, then y = sin (x) will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the corresponding elements of the array x. Vectorized index operations are also supported.
In Perl version 5, by default, constructors are factory methods, that is, methods that create and return the object, concretely meaning create and return a blessed reference. A typical object is a reference to a hash, though rarely references to other types are used too.
GNU Octave is an open source high level programming language and library, including a command line interface and GUI, analogous to commercial alternatives such as Maple, MATLAB, Mathematica, etc. APIs, functions and libraries can be called from many platforms, including high level engineering programs, where functions are, in many cases ...
Create an assignment to a part of a variable before referring, assigning to or composing an expression that refers to any part of it. Perl autovivification can be contrasted against languages such as Python, PHP, Ruby, and many of the C style languages, where dereferencing null or undefined values is not generally permitted.
In array languages, operations are generalized to apply to both scalars and arrays. Thus, a+b expresses the sum of two scalars if a and b are scalars, or the sum of two arrays if they are arrays. An array language simplifies programming but possibly at a cost known as the abstraction penalty.
R (array, interpreted, impure, interactive mode, list-based, object-oriented prototype-based, scripting) Racket (functional, imperative, object-oriented (class-based) and can be extended by the user) Raku (concurrent, concatenative, functional, metaprogramming generic, imperative, reflection object-oriented, pipelines, reactive, and via ...
traverses an array of integers using the for keyword. In the case of internal iteration where the user can supply an operation to the iterator to perform over every element of a collection, many built-in operators and MATLAB functions are overloaded to execute over every element of an array and return a corresponding output array implicitly.