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Angelo Gambiglioni, De re iudicata, 1579 Res judicata or res iudicata, also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for judged matter, [1] and refers to either of two concepts in common law civil procedure: a case in which there has been a final judgment and that is no longer subject to appeal; and the legal doctrine meant to bar (or preclude) relitigation of a claim between the same parties.
res judicata may not bind a subsequent plaintiff who had no opportunity to be represented in the earlier civil action Helvering v. Horst: 311 U.S. 112 (1940) refinement of assignment of income doctrine: Sibbach v. Wilson & Co. 312 U.S. 1 (1941) Erie doctrine, applicability of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co ...
doctrine of res judicata applies to criminal cases American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co. 241 U.S. 257 (1916) scope of federal question jurisdiction in patent law case Caminetti v. United States: 242 U.S. 470 (1917) Mann Act applies to consensual extramarital sex Bunting v. Oregon: 243 U.S. 426 (1917) Labor law, ten-hour workday Adams v ...
Congress violates the separation of powers principle when it orders federal courts to reopen their final judgments. Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998) The Line Item Veto Act is unconstitutional because it allows the President to amend or repeal parts of statutes without the pre-approval of Congress.
United States v. Throckmorton (98 U.S. 61) is an 1878 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court on civil procedure, specifically res judicata, in cases heard at equity.A unanimous Court affirmed an appeal of a decision by the District Court for California upholding a Mexican-era land claim, holding that collateral estoppel bars untimely motions to set aside the verdict where the purportedly ...
"Leading case" is commonly used in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth jurisdictions instead of "landmark case", as used in the United States. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In Commonwealth countries, a reported decision is said to be a leading decision when it has come to be generally regarded as settling the law of the question involved.
The plea of res judicata applies, except in special cases, not only to points upon which the Court was actually required by the parties to form an opinion and pronounce a judgment, but to every point which properly belonged to the subject of litigation, and which the parties, exercising reasonable diligence, might have brought forward at the time.
Relying on the principle of res judicata, the Illinois courts refused to consider the new argument. Noting that the covenant had been judged valid in the prior class action and that the seller had been a member of the class, the Illinois courts held that the seller was bound by that judgment. Accordingly, he could not sell his home to Hansberry ...