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Natural stimulus or pharmacological input neuron models – The models in this category connect the input stimulus, which can be either pharmacological or natural, to the probability of a spike event. The input stage of these models is not electrical but rather has either pharmacological (chemical) concentration units, or physical units that ...
Taxis is an animal's directional movement activity in response to a stimulus Kinesis is an animal's non-directional movement activity in response to a stimulus; Trans-cultural diffusion, diffusion of cultural traits across geographical area; Turbulent diffusion, transport of mass, heat, or momentum within a turbulent fluid
Diffusion – neurotransmitters drift out of the synaptic cleft, where they are absorbed by glial cells. These glial cells, usually astrocytes , absorb the excess neurotransmitters. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the brain, actively contribute to synaptic communication through astrocytic diffusion or gliotransmission .
Examples of graded potentials. Graded potentials are changes in membrane potential that vary according to the size of the stimulus, as opposed to being all-or-none.They include diverse potentials such as receptor potentials, electrotonic potentials, subthreshold membrane potential oscillations, slow-wave potential, pacemaker potentials, and synaptic potentials.
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events.Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors, although in some cases the term sensor is used. [1]
Expansion diffusion: an innovation or idea that develops in a source area and remains strong there, while also spreading outward to other areas. This can include hierarchical, stimulus, and contagious diffusion. Relocation diffusion: an idea or innovation that migrates into new areas, leaving behind its origin or source of the cultural trait.
It was named after Richard FitzHugh (1922–2007) [2] who suggested the system in 1961 [3] and Jinichi Nagumo et al. who created the equivalent circuit the following year. [4]In the original papers of FitzHugh, this model was called Bonhoeffer–Van der Pol oscillator (named after Karl-Friedrich Bonhoeffer and Balthasar van der Pol) because it contains the Van der Pol oscillator as a special ...
Chemotaxis (from chemo-+ taxis) is the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus. [1] Somatic cells , bacteria , and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment.