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In addition, land drainage can help with soil salinity control. The soil's hydraulic conductivity plays an important role in drainage design. The development of agricultural drainage criteria [3] is required to give the designer and manager of the drainage system a target to achieve in terms of maintenance of an optimum depth of the water table.
In water supply system drawing there will be hot water piping and cold water piping and hot water return piping also. In drainage system drawings there will be waste piping, Soil piping and vent piping. The set of drawing of each system like water supply, drainage etc is consist of Plans, Riser diagram, Installation details, Legends, Notes.
Point drainage, which intercepts water at gullies (points). Gullies connect to drainage pipes beneath the ground surface, so deep excavation is required to facilitate this system. Support for deep trenches is required in the shape of planking, strutting or shoring. Channel drainage, which intercepts water along the entire run of the channel.
Site plans are often prepared by a design consultant who must be either a licensed engineer, architect, landscape architect or land surveyor". [3] Site plans include site analysis, building elements, and planning of various types including transportation and urban. An example of a site plan is the plan for Indianapolis [4] by Alexander Ralston ...
A drainage equation is an equation describing the relation between depth and spacing of parallel subsurface drains, depth of the watertable, depth and hydraulic conductivity of the soils. It is used in drainage design. Parameters in Hooghoudt's drainage equation. A well known steady-state drainage
Drainage design procedures. When the land needs a subsurface drainage system, but saline groundwater is present at great depth, it is better to employ a shallow, closely spaced system of pipes or ditches instead of a deep, widely spaced system. The reason is that the deeper systems produce a more salty effluent than the shallow systems.
A pipe laser, or another vertical distance measuring device is most commonly used for this. Invert levels are important for the drainage of a non-pressured fluid pipe. Typically, a good design requires that the invert level of the pipe will be lower (or at least not higher) for each section of pipe before it reaches its final destination. [5]
The costs of the most attractive solution can be compared with the costs of a horizontal drainage system - for which the drain spacing can be calculated with a drainage equation - serving the same purpose, to decide which system deserves preference. The well design proper is described in [1]
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