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2. Odds ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds_ratio

   An odds ratio greater than 1 indicates that the condition or event is more likely to occur in the first group. And an odds ratio less than 1 indicates that the condition or event is less likely to occur in the first group. The odds ratio must be nonnegative if it is defined. It is undefined if p 2 q 1 equals zero, i.e., if p 2 equals zero or q ...

3. Diagnostic odds ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_odds_ratio

   The log diagnostic odds ratio can also be used to study the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity [5] [6] by expressing the log diagnostic odds ratio in terms of the logit of the true positive rate (sensitivity) and false positive rate (1 − specificity), and by additionally constructing a measure, :

4. Odds - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds

   Calculation of probability (risk) vs odds. In statistics, odds are an expression of relative probabilities, generally quoted as the odds in favor.The odds (in favor) of an event or a proposition is the ratio of the probability that the event will happen to the probability that the event will not happen.

5. Log5 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log5

   Log5 is a method of estimating the probability that team A will win a game against team B, based on the odds ratio between the estimated winning probability of Team A and Team B against a larger set of teams.

6. Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood_ratios_in...

   Estimated change in probability: Based on table above, a likelihood ratio of 2.0 corresponds to an approximately +15% increase in probability. Final (post-test) probability: Therefore, bulging flanks increases the probability of ascites from 40% to about 55% (i.e., 40% + 15% = 55%, which is within 2% of the exact probability of 57%).

7. Relative risk - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_risk

   In practice the odds ratio is commonly used for case-control studies, as the relative risk cannot be estimated. [1] In fact, the odds ratio has much more common use in statistics, since logistic regression, often associated with clinical trials, works with the log of the odds ratio, not relative risk. Because the (natural log of the) odds of a ...

8. Pre- and post-test probability - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-_and_post-test_probability

   Post-test odds given by multiplying pretest odds with the ratio: Theoretically limitless: Pre-test state (and thus the pre-test probability) does not have to be same as in reference group: By relative risk: Quotient of risk among exposed and risk among unexposed: Pre-test probability multiplied by the relative risk

9. Likelihood function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood_function

   Stated in terms of odds, Bayes' rule states that the posterior odds of two alternatives, ⁠ ⁠ and ⁠ ⁠, given an event ⁠ ⁠, is the prior odds, times the likelihood ratio. As an equation: O ( A 1 : A 2 ∣ B ) = O ( A 1 : A 2 ) ⋅ Λ ( A 1 : A 2 ∣ B ) . {\displaystyle O(A_{1}:A_{2}\mid B)=O(A_{1}:A_{2})\cdot \Lambda (A_{1}:A_{2}\mid ...