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Used for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255
Besides the use by operating systems internally, other uses have been attributed to the address. [5] [6] A non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown or non applicable target; The address a host assigns to itself when address request via DHCP has failed, provided the host's IP stack supports this.
A public IP address is a globally routable unicast IP address, meaning that the address is not an address reserved for use in private networks, such as those reserved by RFC 1918, or the various IPv6 address formats of local scope or site-local scope, for example for link-local addressing. Public IP addresses may be used for communication ...
The address may denote a specific interface address (including a host identifier, such as 10.0.0.1 / 8), or it may be the beginning address of an entire network (using a host identifier of 0, as in 10.0.0.0 / 8 or its equivalent 10 / 8). CIDR notation can even be used with no IP address at all, e.g. when referring to a / 24 as a generic ...
Link-local addresses may be assigned manually by an administrator or by automatic operating system procedures. In Internet Protocol (IP) networks, they are assigned most often using stateless address autoconfiguration, a process that often uses a stochastic process to select the value of link-local addresses, assigning a pseudo-random address that is different for each session.
IP packets originating from or addressed to a private IP address cannot be routed through the public Internet. Private addresses are often seen as enhancing network security for the internal network since use of private addresses internally makes it difficult for an external host to initiate a connection to an internal system.
For IPv4, no black hole address is explicitly defined, however the reserved IP addresses can help achieve a similar effect. For example, 198.51.100.0 / 24 is reserved for use in documentation and examples [ 2 ] ; while the RFC advises that the addresses in this range are not routed, this is not a requirement.
A unique local address (ULA) is an Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address in the address range fc00:: / 7. [1] These addresses are non-globally reachable [ 2 ] (routable only within the scope of private networks, but not the global IPv6 Internet).