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The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.
An equianalgesic chart can be a useful tool, but the user must take care to correct for all relevant variables such as route of administration, cross tolerance, half-life and the bioavailability of a drug. [5] For example, the narcotic levorphanol is 4–8 times stronger than morphine, but also has a much longer half-life. Simply switching the ...
Rebound insomnia, however, is more common upon discontinuation of intermediate-acting benzodiazepines than longer-acting benzodiazepines. Examples are alprazolam, estazolam, flunitrazepam, clonazepam, lormetazepam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, and temazepam. Long-acting compounds have a half-life of 40–250 hours.
Flurazepam [2] (marketed under the brand names Dalmane and Dalmadorm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a long half-life, which may stay in the bloodstream for days. [3]
Etizolam (marketed under numerous brand names) is a thienodiazepine derivative [5] which is a benzodiazepine analog. [6] The etizolam molecule differs from a benzodiazepine in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring and triazole ring has been fused, making the drug a thienotriazolodiazepine. [7] [8]
Clorazepate is a long-acting benzodiazepine drug. [10] Clorazepate produces the active metabolite desmethyl-diazepam, which is a partial agonist of the GABA A receptor and has a half life of 20–179 hours; a small amount of desmethyldiazepam is further metabolised into oxazepam.
Pyrazolam (SH-I-04) [2] is a benzodiazepine derivative originally developed by a team led by Leo Sternbach at Hoffman-La Roche in the 1970s. [3] It has since been "rediscovered" and sold as a designer drug since 2012.
Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s. [2] It possesses anxiolytic , anticonvulsant , sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. [ 3 ] Prazepam is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam which is responsible for the therapeutic effects of prazepam.